For a swing or pendulum, maximum displacement occurs when the object is at its highest point on either side of the stable equilibrium position. Because stable equilibrium is directly in the middle of a cycle, there are two points of maximum displacement. It is easiest to think of a cycle as the movement from a position of stable equilibrium to one of maximum displacement, or the furthest possible point from stable equilibrium. The bounce provided by a trampoline is due to elastic potential energy. Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz), with 1 Hz-the term is both singular and plural-equal to one cycle per second. The amount of time it takes to complete one cycle is called a period, and the number of cycles that take place during one second is the frequency of the oscillation. In a single cycle, the oscillating particle moves from a certain point in a certain direction, then reverses direction and returns to the original point. There is always a position of stable equilibrium, and there is always a cycle of oscillation. In any case, it is easy enough to envision the motion of these two varieties of oscillation: a spring generally oscillates along a straight line, whereas a swing describes an arc.Įither case involves properties common to all objects experiencing oscillation. As noted below, objects not commonly considered “springs,” such as rubber bands, display spring-like behavior likewise one could substitute “pendulum” for swing. There are two basic models of oscillation to consider, and these can be related to the motion of two well-known everyday objects: a spring and a swing. Since the swing tends to oscillate, it will move back and forth across the position of stable equilibrium before finally coming to a rest in the stable position. Yet, this equilibrium is unstable, because a disturbance (for instance, if the adult lets go of the swing) will cause it to move. The swing is in equilibrium because the forces on it are balanced: it is being held upward with a force equal to its weight. If, on the other hand, the swing were raised to a certain height-if, say, a child were swinging and an adult caught the child at the point of maximum displacement-this would be an example of unstable equilibrium. If it were disturbed from this position, as, for instance, by someone pushing the swing, it would tend to return to its original position. The vector sums are balanced, because the swing hangs downward with a force (its weight) equal to the force of the bars on the swing set that hold it up. In the example of a playground swing, when the swing is simply hanging downward-either empty or occupied-it is in a position of stable equilibrium. Neutral equilibrium, discussed in the essay on Statics and Equilibrium elsewhere in this topic, does not play a significant role in oscillation on the other hand, stable and unstable equilibrium do.
There are three varieties of equilibrium: stable, unstable, and neutral. When a state of equilibrium exists, the vector sum of the forces on an object is equal to zero.
HOW IT WORKS Stable and Uns table Equilibrium Among the examples of oscillation in the physical world are the motion of a spring, a pendulum, or even the steady back-and-forth movement of a child on a swing. Oscillation is a type of harmonic motion, typically periodic, in one or more dimensions. Want to master Microsoft Excel and take your work-from-home job prospects to the next level? Jump-start your career with our Premium A-to-Z Microsoft Excel Training Bundle from the new Gadget Hacks Shop and get lifetime access to more than 40 hours of Basic to Advanced instruction on functions, formula, tools, and more.When a particle experiences repeated movement about a position of stable equilibrium, or balance, it is said to be in harmonic motion, and if this motion is repeated at regular intervals, it is called periodic motion. Bounce particles in Particular After Effects pluginĬlick through to watch this video on
AFTER EFFECTS HAVE PARTICLE PLAYGROUND BOUNCE OFF AN OBJECT HOW TO
In this Particular tutorial you will learn how to bounce particles on a 3D layer in an After Effects composition. Trapcode's Particular is a powerful 3D particle system AFter Effects plugin that creates a wide range of effects - from natural smoke and explosions to geometric or organic abstract elements.
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